![]() The study was approved by the institutional research ethics committee. We also obtained written informed consent from parents or coaches on behalf of minors (< 18 years). Participants then signed a written informed consent form and completed a health status questionnaire. Their demographic data and sports-related injury history were collected using a brief questionnaire. The soccer players were invited to the soccer field which aimed to introduce the research objectives and the procedures they would undergo. None of the participants had a previous ACL injury, lower extremity injury in the past 6 months such as ankle sprain, or lower extremity pain at the time of participation. Thirty male soccer players from a professional soccer team U19 (aged between 16–19 years) with different playing positions (except the goalkeeper) participated in this descriptive study (mean ± SD: age = 16.8 ± 1.1 years, height = 1.7 ± 0.1 m, mass = 62.2 ± 10.4 kg, BMI = 20.3 ± 2.6 kg/m 2, soccer playing experience = 6.9 ± 1.2 years). The hypothesis of the study was that decreased ankle DF-ROM would be associated with landing positions associated with noncontact ACL injury. Thus, the present study aimed to answer the question of whether there is a relationship between the clinical-based ankle DF-ROM measures and movement postures during a soccer-specific landing task, which better replicate the biomechanics of soccer athletes in the real-world environment. To assess the movement patterns during landing in the soccer specific situation (landing with heading), we used a field-based and comprehensive multiplanar assessment, which attempts to consider all three planes of motion dysfunctions linked to increased ACL loading or injury risk. The previous studies results are consist in laboratory-based measures however they are gold standard, appear to pose a question on its external validity. With the best of our knowledge, we found no studies examining how ankle DF-ROM would affect movement patterns during a soccer-specific task. Furthurmore, it has been shown that people show different biomechanics that are considered to be associated with a higher ACL load and injury risk in the sport-specific tasks versus controlled ones. As such, it has been shown that the likelihood of increased load on the knee joint, and thus the risk of ACL injury, elevates when the dual task is performed during decelerating movements. Indeed, movements at the time of occuring an ACL injury in the real world are often dual-task, i.e., the athlete’s attention is simultaneously focused on balls, goals, opponents, and other tasks. While previous studies have shown the impact of the ankle joint on poor movement patterns, however there is a limitation in these studies that the tasks used are controlled, i.e., the athlete’s attention is focused only on landing with no sport-specific movements. Since the ankle and foot complex are in the lowest kinetic chain of the lower limbs, it appears that decreased ankle DF-ROM may affect the kinematics of the knee and hip during various landing tasks and increase stiffness of landing, which in turn increase ACL injury risk. One of the common problems among athletes is decreased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM), which may result from injuries such as lateral ankle sprains. However, video analysis studies of noncontact ACL injuries found a significant impact of the ankle joint kinematics such as ankle dorsiflexion excursion angles at the time of injury on the risk of ACL injuries. Traditionally, excessive knee extension, abduction, and internal-external rotation angles and moments during landing are considered to be modifiable ACL injury risk factors. Yet, it is crucial to identify modifiable ACL injury risk factors that may affect dangerous motions for the ACL, especially in the soccer specific situations, in order to improve the effectivness of ACL injury prevention programs. While majority of ACL injuries in soccer are non-contact, such as during landing from jump, implementing ACL injury prevention training to modify lower limb joints neuromusclar functions has shown to be effective to reduce noncontact ACL injury occurrence rate in soccer. Overall, 50–80% of lower limb injuries in soccer are ankle sprains and knee ligament tears, with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury being a serious injury with a high occurrence rate. Lower limb injury prevention appears to be critical for soccer players because greater number of these injuries were reported in soccer than in field hockey, volleyball, handball, rugby, basketball, cricket, and badminton. ![]()
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